Beyond the Theory: Seurat

While looking into color theory one of the famous artists I found was George Seurat. He is pretty much the man who started the neo-impressionistic movement.

Neo-impressionism is like impressionism in its way that the paint/drawing is applied in short strokes, more specifically in dots. One of the main forms on neo-impressionism is pointillism. This is where the drawing is made up of solid colored dots that when together are seen as one complete painting.
Example:

Photo of Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte by Seurat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georges_Seurat

Can you see the colored dots? All the dots are individual colors to make up a bigger picture. Also it took Seurat 2 years to complete this 10 foot painting.

At the time, in the mid to late 1800s, scientists were finding out more about what would become color theory and what colors were and how they interacted. Once the artists got a hold of the new discoveries they in turn tried new ways of using color in their paintings. This is a continuation of what impressionism started to do, but there's enough difference that the 'true' impressionists didn't want to accept this new style as impressionism. So the group of modern artists was in divide but their art was still produced and shown at galleries no matter the quarrels between the artists themselves.

Neo-impressionism grew into a whole new realm of painting with many different variations from artists like Charles Angrand, Anna Boch, Georges Lemmen, and Paul Signac are a few. More than just the actual style of painting the movement changed the subjects as well to include more political and social ideas.

Breaking Tradition: The Impressionism Movement

Notable art used to only consist of  smooth realistic paintings of history or religious themes or portraits. There was little in the way of individual creativity. In the early 1800s there was Salon de Paris, where artists won awards of recognition for great art. As is with everything it seems in life the old reliable artists who painted according to the accepted styles always had more favor.  This did not bode well for the younger artists.

They were painting in lighter ways and the subjects more realistic (or not) common day things. After  so many works were being rejected by elite judges from the Salon de Paris Emperor Napaleon III created the Salon des Refuses (Salon of the Refused) where the public could judge. Before this though a group of young talented artists had been painting together. This group consisted of Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Frederic Bazille. Together these artists were creating a new painting style, most of which was why their work wasn't accepted at the Salon. Later on Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, and Sisley started the Coiete Anonyme Cooperative des Artistes,Peinteres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs (Cooperative and Anonymous Association of Painters, Sculptors, and Engravers). They and other artists (Edouard Manet, Camille Pissarro, Paul Cezanne, Armand Guillaumin, and more) were starting a new movement.

This style was much more contemporary and the first of modern art. Focusing on movement, the use of light, common things such as people, landscapes, and still life, and the use of small yet visible brush strokes to create a realistic painting that was unique to each artist. This was impressionism.

This is just the beginning of impressionism that has so much more to it's story.
For now, though, here is my favorite impressionism painting.



Woman with a Parasol by Monet

Color Theory 3: Harmony and Our World

Colors have such a deep connection to our history and culture that even beyond the physical reactions from our eyes to the different colors and color harmonies there is such a deeper meaning to what we see. The symbolism of colors and the harmonies make color theory an even more complicated subject. The basics, though, can be accounted for through how our eyes perceive and interpret colors.

The way we view color, or more specifically how we react to color is mostly based on our  the science behind what color actual is, how our eyes see it, and how our brains process the color.
While I won't go into the in-depth process of how our eyes receive different colors, some science facts helpful and interesting.

The human eye can see 7,000,000 colors. Based how our eyes are stimulated by the color that is how our brain interprets the color. This is why certain colors seem too bright or annoying, our eyes are being over stimulated. This is also why in nature we get signals of what's dangerous and what is safe, because of colors.

Also because of what we see throughout nature and what we use colors in our lives affects the reaction we would have when we see that color. Like when we see blue it connects with water; water can be connected to blue gloomy days or the peace and openness of the sea or sky. Plus your cultural background will affect how the meaning comes about.

With all the colors and the harmonies there are many different physical, natural, and cultural reactions

Examples:

Warmer colors such as red, orange, and yellow appear warmer (just as they are called). More associated with happy, energetic, passion, intensity, wealth, and change. This is why, for example, that red can seen as sexy passion but also warning for dangers and stop signs.

Photo by me

Cooler colors such as blue, green, and purple give the appearance of calm and stability compared to the warmer colors, more reserved in nature also. This is why green is more associated with nature (go-green things) or why purple is connected with royalty.

Photo by me

Color Theory 2

The relationships between the colors on the color wheel are what really brings out the understanding of why some things will look good to our eyes and some are just irritating. The good relationships between different colors are immediately noticeable even if it's subconsciously. The basic relationships are usually called color harmonies.

Here are some example of color harmonies:

Complementary: These are colors across from each other on the color wheel. For example red and green or blue and yellow. These colors are very contrasting. They stand out quite a bit and accent each other well. (For added effect adding shades of the complementary colors intensifies the depth)


Color wheel courtesy of http://www.tigercolor.com/color-lab/color-theory/color-theory-intro.htm

Analogous: These colors are the three shades that are next to each other on the color wheel. These are similar colors and appear comfortable to our eyes.


Color wheel courtesy of http://www.tigercolor.com/color-lab/color-theory/color-theory-intro.htm

Triadic: These colors are evenly spaced on the color wheel. The three colors would form a triangle on the color wheel. On a twelve color wheel (most basic common one) then it's every 4th color.


Color wheel courtesy of http://www.tigercolor.com/color-lab/color-theory/color-theory-intro.htm

The harmonies can help accent a certain point in an art piece or give theme to the whole piece. Different harmonies create a different atmosphere for the art and will create different reactions from the viewer. I'll explain more about color and its relationship to us in color theory 3.

P.S.

While researching about color theory I came across a really cool color wheel machine coordinator. You can set different themes such as complementary, analogous, etc...and set to whatever colors you want. It's very easy and fun too use.
Try it out!
http://colorschemedesigner.com/

Color Theory 1

Color is way more dynamic than people realize. Color can add life to a painting and invoke such a response that you don't even realize all the ways that the color is influencing your perception of the world around you. Color theory is like the study of  color itself, looking into the properties of color like the color wheel and the context of how color is communicated.

Let's start off with the color wheel and what it entails.

The color wheel is based off firstly the primary colors, these are the colors that cannot be made by the other colors.
Red   Blue  Yellow
From these colors you can actually make all the other colors except white. While technically white is a mixture of all the colors scientifically, artistically it just comes out as a mess of blackish stuff if you mix all your paint together.

From the primary colors the secondary colors are born.
Green  Orange  Purple


From the primary and secondary colors come the tertiary colors.
Yellow-orange  Red-orange  Red-purple  Blue-purple  Blue-green   Yellow-green


Then from these the colors keep expanding with different hues (shades of darkness and lightness). Though with the primary, secondary, tertiary this one of the basic colors wheels.


Color Wheel from http://webdesignsolutions.com/n-4205-color-theory-in-web-design-does-it-matter.html

Going more in-depth into color wheels could take books and quite a bit of controversy would be involved as well. While the basic colors and wheel is not argued, how the wheel is arranged and what is exactly called what has always been debated. There are many different types of wheels that accommodate all the differing opinions. From expanded hues to different shapes and color relationships there are plenty of different wheels to find any color. Though even now artists and scientist do research the possibilities of colors and how the colors communicate with each other.

I'll continue more into color theory and the actual relationships between colors themselves and the relationships between us and colors in Color Theory 2.